What is IVF with Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing (PGT)?
Pre-implantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is an advanced laboratory procedure performed during an IVF cycle to analyse embryos for specific genetic or chromosomal abnormalities before they are transferred into the uterus.
During IVF treatment, embryos are developed in our laboratory for several days. A small number of cells are then carefully biopsied from each embryo and sent for genetic analysis. Based on the results, embryos can be categorised according to their genetic status, helping fertility specialists identify embryos that may be suitable for transfer.
PGT is not a treatment for infertility itself. In fact, it is used alongside IVF to improve embryo selection for certain patients undergoing fertility treatment.
Can IVF with PGT Increase Success Rate?
According to research conducted by our Genetics and Embryology Division at Sunfert Group, led by Associate Group Scientific Director Dr Aaron Chen, as well as PGT outcome data from our patients, IVF cycles that included PGT demonstrated higher clinical pregnancy and implantation rates compared to IVF cycles without PGT.
By helping identify embryos with specific chromosomal abnormalities or inherited genetic conditions before transfer, PGT can support embryo selection and may contribute to improved treatment outcomes for suitable patients.
The comparison below shows the differences in clinical pregnancy rates and implantation rates between patients who underwent IVF with PGT and those who underwent IVF without PGT.
Sunfert Clinical Pregnancy Rate
| Age Group | Non PGT | PGT |
|---|---|---|
| <35 | 62.3% | 59.7% |
| 35 - 37 | 53.5% | 71.7% |
| 38 - 40 | 46.3% | 67.1% |
| >41 - 42 | 17.4% | 48.2% |
| Overall | 54.8% | 64.5% |
Sunfert Clinical Implantation Rate
| Age Group | Non PGT | PGT |
|---|---|---|
| <35 | 57.9% | 60.0% |
| 35 - 37 | 47.7% | 69.9% |
| 38 - 40 | 43.3% | 66.3% |
| >41 - 42 | 11.1% | 48.2% |
| Overall | 49.5% | 63.9% |
Notes:
- The Sunfert Clinical Pregnancy Rate and Implantation Rate (success rate) shown above were calculated based on data collected at Sunfert Bangsar South in 2024.
- In patients below 35, PGT is less frequently indicated. As a result, outcomes in this group are based on a smaller sample size, which may affect the observed clinical pregnancy rate.
Click here to learn more about Sunfert IVF Success Rate.
However, it is important to understand that PGT does not guarantee pregnancy or a live birth. IVF success depends on multiple factors, including:
- maternal age
- egg quality and quantity
- sperm quality
- uterine health
- embryo quality
- underlying fertility conditions
The potential benefits of PGT vary from person to person. Our fertility specialists will evaluate if IVF with PGT is appropriate based on your individual reproductive goals and medical history.
Types of PGT Available at Sunfert
We offer 2 main types of PGT:
- Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies (PGT-A): Screens embryos for chromosomal abnormalities involving missing or extra chromosomes.
- Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorder (PGT-M): Screens embryos for specific inherited genetic disorders caused by mutations in a single gene.
The most suitable type of PGT depends on your medical history, fertility journey, family history, and genetic risk factors. Our fertility specialists will assess your individual circumstances and advise whether PGT may be beneficial.
What is Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies (PGT-A)?
Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies (PGT-A) is a genetic screening method used to identify embryos with an abnormal number of chromosomes.
A healthy embryo typically contains 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. When an embryo has missing or extra chromosomes, the condition is known as aneuploidy.
Aneuploidy, or chromosomal abnormalities, can occur naturally during egg or sperm development and become more common with increasing maternal age.
Examples of Chromosomal Abnormalities
Some disorders that arise from chromosomal abnormalities include:
- Down’s Syndrome (Trisomy 21): caused by extra copy of chromosome 21
- Edwards’ Syndrome (Trisomy 18): caused by extra copy of chromosome 18
- Patau’s Syndrome (Trisomy 13): caused by extra copy of chromosome 13
- Turner Syndrome (Monosomy X): caused by a missing copy of chromosome X in female embryos
- Other numerical chromosomal abnormalities (aneuploidies) may lead to implantation failure or miscarriage
Embryos affected by aneuploidy may have:
- lower chance of implantation
- higher risk of miscarriage
IVF with PGT-A helps identify embryos with normal chromosomal numbers before transfer, allowing fertility specialists to make more informed embryo selection decisions.
Who Can Benefit From IVF with PGT-A?
PGT-A is considered for patients who:
- are in advanced maternal age
- have experienced recurrent miscarriages
- have undergone multiple unsuccessful IVF cycles
- have experienced repeated implantation failure
- have a history of chromosomal abnormalities (e.g.: first child born with Down’s Syndrome)
- wish to optimise embryo selection during IVF treatment
Not every patient requires PGT-A. The decision should be made following a comprehensive fertility assessment and consultation with our fertility specialist.
How is PGT-A Performed at Sunfert?
PGT-A is performed as part of an IVF treatment cycle. Eggs are retrieved and fertilised in our advanced IVF laboratory, and the resulting embryos are cultured to the blastocyst stage (Day 5 or Day 6). At this stage, a small sample of cells is carefully collected from the embryo by our highly experienced genetic scientists without affecting the embryos.
The sampled cells are then analysed using our advanced genetic testing technology to assess whether the embryo has the correct number of chromosomes. Based on the results, embryos with normal chromosomal profiles are prioritised for transfer to support the best possible chance of a successful pregnancy.
To learn more about Sunfert's PGT-A technology, success rates, and the step-by-step procedure, please visit our detailed PGT-A page.
What is Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorder (PGT-M)?
Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorders (PGT-M) is a specialised genetic test used to identify embryos that carry a specific inherited genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene.
Unlike PGT-A, which focuses on chromosome numbers, PGT-M targets particular genetic disorders that run in families.
Before treatment begins, a customised genetic testing protocol is developed based on the identified genetic mutation within the family. Embryos created through IVF are then tested to determine if they have inherited the specific genetic disorder.
This approach can help couples reduce the risk of passing certain hereditary disorders to their children.
Examples of Inheritable Genetic Disorders
- Thalassaemia
- Haemophilia
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Huntington's disease
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
- Certain inherited cancer predisposition syndromes
According to the Ministry of Health Malaysia, these inherited genetic disorders mentioned above are just a few out of the nearly 500 genetic disorders identified in Malaysia. Globally, there are between 6,000 to 8,000 types of inheritable genetic disorders, and over 70% of rare diseases are genetic in origin.
The specific disorders eligible for PGT-M depend on the identified genetic mutation and genetic testing requirements.
Who Can Benefit from IVF with PGT-M?
PGT-M is considered for patients who:
- are known carriers of an inherited genetic disorder
- have a family history of a specific genetic disorder
- previously had a child affected by a hereditary disorder
- have undergone genetic carrier screening and discovered a significant genetic risk
- wish to reduce the risk of transmitting a known inherited disease to future children
Every genetic condition is unique. Hence, at Sunfert our fertility specialists and genetic scientists will review both the medical history, and genetic test reports of our patients before recommending them to undergo IVF with PGT-M.
How is PGT-M Performed at Sunfert?
PGT-M begins with genetic screening and counselling to identify whether a couple carries genes associated with inherited genetic disorders. If required, the couple will proceed with an IVF treatment cycle, where eggs are retrieved, fertilised in our advanced IVF laboratory, and cultured until the embryos reach the blastocyst stage (Day 5 or Day 6).
A small sample of cells is then carefully collected from each embryo and analysed using advanced genetic testing technology to determine whether the embryo has inherited the genetic disorder being tested for. As part of the analysis, a basic assessment of the embryo's chromosomes may also be performed to identify major chromosomal abnormalities. However, this is not the same as a comprehensive PGT-A test. Based on the results, embryos that are not affected by the genetic condition are selected for transfer.
To learn more about Sunfert's PGT-M technology, success rates, and the step-by-step procedure, please visit our detailed PGT-M page.
Take the Next Step with Our Fertility Specialists
If you are facing fertility challenges, start with a consultation with our specialists. We will guide you through your fertility journey with expertise and compassionate care.
Make an appointment with our Fertility Specialist today and take the next step toward your parenthood goals.
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Book a consultationDato' Dr Wong Pak Seng
Founder of Sunfert Group & Fertility Specialist- Sunfert@Bangsar South
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Book a consultationDr Eeson Sinthamoney
Group Medical Director & Fertility Specialist- Sunfert@Bangsar South
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Book a consultationDr Lim Lei Jun
Medical Director (Sunfert Bangsar South) & Fertility Specialist- Sunfert@Bangsar South
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Book a consultationDr Sumithra Devi Valiapan
Consultant Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Fertility Specialist- Sunfert@Bangsar South
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Book a consultationDr Haris Njoo Suharjono
Medical Director (Sunfert Kuching) & Fertility Specialist- Sunfert@Kuching
Is IVF with PGT worth it?
Yes, both PGT-A and PGT-M can offer meaningful value for many couples undergoing IVF treatment.
This is because PGT screening can:
- help improve IVF success rates, including implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate
- give your baby a better start in life by reducing the risk of chromosomal abnormalities or genetic disorders
This is achieved by:
- selecting embryos with the correct number of chromosomes through PGT-A
- identifying embryos without specific inherited genetic disorders through PGT-M
- reducing the risk of miscarriage linked to chromosomal abnormalities or genetic disorders
Can I choose my baby's gender with IVF and PGT?
PGT screening can identify the sex chromosomes of an embryo as part of the genetic analysis process.
It is important to note that PGT is performed for medical reasons, such as screening for chromosomal abnormalities or helping to prevent the transmission of inherited genetic disorders, rather than for non-medical gender selection.
Can PGT reduce miscarriage risk?
PGT-A can reduce the risk of miscarriage by identifying embryos with chromosomal abnormalities, which are a common cause of early pregnancy loss.
However, not all miscarriages are caused by chromosomal abnormalities. Other factors that may contribute to pregnancy loss include:
- uterine conditions
- hormonal imbalances
- immune-related factors
- other underlying medical factors
At Sunfert, our fertility specialist will advise whether PGT-A may be beneficial based on your medical history and previous pregnancy outcomes.
Does PGT increase IVF success rates?
PGT does not improve the quality of embryos or create healthier embryos. However, it can help identify embryos that are more suitable for transfer based on their genetic status.
By selecting embryos that are less likely to have chromosomal abnormalities or inherited genetic disorders, PGT can improve the chances of implantation and reduce the likelihood of miscarriage in certain patient groups.
What are the advantages of combining IVF with PGT-A?
Combining IVF with PGT-A offers several advantages:
- more precise embryo selection
- reduced risk of chromosomal abnormalities
- improved confidence during transfer decisions
- potentially shorter time to achieving pregnancy
This approach supports a more personalised and evidence-based fertility journey.
How do I know if I need PGT-A or PGT-M?
The type of PGT recommended depends on your medical and family history.
- Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A) is used to assess whether embryos have the correct number of chromosomes. It may be recommended for women of advanced maternal age, couples with recurrent miscarriages, repeated IVF failures, or those seeking additional information before embryo transfer.
- Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorders (PGT-M) is designed for couples who carry a known genetic disorder that could be passed on to their children, such as Thalassaemia, Cystic Fibrosis, Haemophilia, or Spinal Muscular Atrophy.
At Sunfert, our fertility specialist and genetic counsellor can help determine which test, if any, is suitable for your situation.
Who should consider PGT-A during IVF?
PGT-A is commonly recommended for individuals or couples who:
- are of advanced maternal age
- have experienced recurrent miscarriages
- have had repeated implantation failure
- previously had pregnancies affected by chromosomal abnormalities
- want to prioritise the most viable embryos
At Sunfert, we aim to ensure that any additional procedures are only advised when there is clear clinical benefit, so patients are not undergoing or paying for steps that are not necessary for their fertility journey and treatment.
Can younger patients benefit from PGT-A?
Yes. While PGT-A is especially beneficial for women of advanced maternal age, younger patients may also benefit by:
- improving embryo selection accuracy
- reducing time to pregnancy
- minimising the emotional impact of failed cycles
Clinical evidence suggests it can enhance decision-making across different age groups.
Who should consider PGT-M?
PGT-M is recommended for individuals or couples with known genetic risks, including:
- carriers of inherited genetic disorders
- individuals affected by genetic conditions
- family history of inherited diseases
- previous child or pregnancy affected by genetic disorders
- couples planning IVF who want to reduce hereditary risk
Can Thalassaemia carriers have healthy children with PGT?
Yes. Couples who are carriers of Thalassaemia can use IVF with PGT-M to help identify embryos that are not affected by the genetic disorder before embryo transfer.
PGT-M allows embryos to be tested for the specific genetic mutation associated with Thalassaemia. This helps reduce the risk of having a child born with Thalassaemia and can provide reassurance for couples who are concerned about passing the disorder on to future generations.
How does PGT-A work using advanced genetic technology?
PGT-A is performed using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), a highly precise technology that analyses all 23 chromosome pairs simultaneously.
The process involves:
1. biopsy of a few cells from the embryo
2. DNA analysis using NGS
3. identification of chromosomal abnormalities
This detailed screening enables accurate embryo selection prior to transfer.
What is karyomapping and why is it used in PGT-M?
Karyomapping is a sophisticated genetic testing technique that tracks the inheritance of DNA segments from both parents.
It helps identify whether an embryo has inherited a specific gene mutation.
This method improves the accuracy of detecting monogenic disorders and supports safer embryo selection.
How long does it take to get PGT-A results?
PGT-A results are typically available within 2 to 3 weeks after the embryo biopsy.
This timeframe allows for detailed genetic analysis and accurate reporting to guide the next step in the IVF treatment plan.
How long does the PGT-M process take?
The timeline varies depending on the complexity of the genetic condition. Typically:
- Genetic preparation and probe development may take several weeks
- IVF cycle and embryo testing follow afterwards
Your fertility specialist will provide a personalised timeline based on your case.