Frequently Asked Questions
What is Time-Lapse Embryo Imaging in IVF?
Time-Lapse Embryo Imaging is an advanced IVF technology that continuously monitors embryo development inside a stable incubator without removing embryos for observation.
It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals to track key developmental stages such as cell division and embryo growth, helping embryologists assess embryo quality more precisely.
How does Time-Lapse Embryo Imaging improve embryo selection?
Time-lapse imaging improves embryo selection by providing continuous developmental data instead of static snapshots.
It allows embryologists to evaluate timing of cell division, growth patterns, and morphology changes, helping identify embryos with better developmental potential for transfer or freezing.
What is the difference between traditional embryo monitoring and time-lapse imaging?
Traditional embryo monitoring involves removing embryos from the incubator for periodic checks, which provides limited snapshots.
Time-lapse imaging keeps embryos inside a controlled incubator and records continuous development, reducing disturbance and improving accuracy in embryo assessment.
What is EmbryoScope Plus (ES+) in IVF?
EmbryoScope Plus is an advanced and industry leading time-lapse incubator used in IVF laboratories to continuously monitor embryo development.
It combines incubation, time-lapse imaging, and AI analysis in one integrated system, allowing embryos to develop in a stable environment while being automatically recorded for detailed assessment.
What are the benefits of EmbryoScope Plus in IVF treatment?
EmbryoScope Plus provides continuous 24/7 embryo monitoring, improved incubation stability, and reduced handling.
It also supports embryo evaluation using advanced tools such as AI-based scoring systems, helping embryologists make more informed embryo selection decisions.
How does AI help in embryo selection using EmbryoScope Plus?
AI tools in EmbryoScope Plus analyse embryo development patterns to support selection decisions. Systems such as iDAScore and KIDScore evaluate time-lapse data to identify embryos with higher implantation potential, while Guided Annotation standardises embryo development tracking for more consistent assessment.
Who can benefit from Time-Lapse Embryo Imaging?
Time-Lapse Embryo Imaging benefits IVF patients who have experienced previous failed cycles, produce multiple embryos requiring selection, or undergo pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT).
It is also useful for improving embryo selection accuracy in complex fertility cases.
Is Time-Lapse Embryo Imaging safe for embryos?
Yes. Time-lapse imaging is safe because embryos remain inside a stable incubator throughout the entire process.
This minimises handling, maintains optimal culture conditions, and supports normal embryo development.
Does Time-Lapse Embryo Imaging improve IVF success rates?
Time-lapse imaging does not guarantee pregnancy, but it improves embryo selection accuracy by providing detailed developmental information.
This helps embryologists make better-informed decisions, which may improve clinical outcomes in suitable cases.
How long are embryos monitored using time-lapse technology?
Embryos are continuously monitored from fertilisation until the blastocyst stage, typically around 5 to 7 days, depending on individual embryo development.
Is EmbryoScope Plus included in IVF treatment at Sunfert?
Yes. At Sunfert, time-lapse embryo imaging using EmbryoScope Plus is included in most IVF treatment packages at no additional cost.
Patients may also request embryo development videos free of charges.
Is Time-Lapse Embryo Imaging available at any fertility centre?
No. Time-Lapse Embryo Imaging is an advanced assisted reproductive technology that requires significant investment and is therefore not widely available across all fertility centres.
Meanwhile, EmbryoScope Plus is one of the most advanced time-lapse embryo imaging systems in the fertility industry, offering high-precision monitoring and enhanced embryo assessment capabilities.
What is Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies (PGT-A)?
Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies (PGT-A) is an advanced genetic screening technique used during IVF to assess whether embryos have the correct number of chromosomes before transfer.
A healthy embryo typically contains 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). By identifying chromosomally normal (euploid) embryos, PGT-A helps improve implantation rates and supports a healthier pregnancy outcome.
What is the main purpose of PGT-A in IVF treatment?
The primary purpose of PGT-A is to select embryos with the correct chromosomal number, which can:
- improve chances of successful implantation
- reduce the risk of miscarriage
- lower the likelihood of chromosomal disorders
This allows fertility specialists to make more informed, evidence-based decisions during embryo transfer.
How does PGT-A work using advanced genetic technology?
PGT-A is performed using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), a highly precise technology that analyses all 23 chromosome pairs simultaneously.
The process involves:
1. biopsy of a few cells from the embryo
2. DNA analysis using NGS
3. identification of chromosomal abnormalities
This detailed screening enables accurate embryo selection prior to transfer.
What are chromosomal abnormalities in embryos?
Chromosomal abnormalities occur when an embryo has extra, missing, or structurally abnormal chromosomes.
These abnormalities may lead to:
- failed implantation
- miscarriage
- genetic conditions in the baby
Screening helps identify embryos with normal chromosomal structure to improve pregnancy outcomes.
What are common examples of chromosomal abnormalities detected by PGT-A?
Common chromosomal conditions include:
- Down’s Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
- Edwards’ Syndrome (Trisomy 18)
- Patau’s Syndrome (Trisomy 13)
- Turner Syndrome (Monosomy X)
PGT-A can detect these numerical abnormalities before embryo transfer, helping reduce associated risks.
Who should consider PGT-A during IVF?
PGT-A is commonly recommended for individuals or couples who:
- are of advanced maternal age
- have experienced recurrent miscarriages
- have had repeated implantation failure
- previously had pregnancies affected by chromosomal abnormalities
- want to prioritise the most viable embryos
At Sunfert, we aim to ensure that any additional procedures are only advised when there is clear clinical benefit, so patients are not undergoing or paying for steps that are not necessary for their fertility journey and treatment.
Can younger patients benefit from PGT-A?
Yes. While PGT-A is especially beneficial for women of advanced maternal age, younger patients may also benefit by:
- improving embryo selection accuracy
- reducing time to pregnancy
- minimising the emotional impact of failed cycles
Clinical evidence suggests it can enhance decision-making across different age groups.
Is embryo biopsy safe for the embryo?
Embryo biopsy is considered safe when performed by experienced and well-trained gentic scientists following established laboratory protocols.
The procedure involves removing a small number of cells from the outer layer of the embryo, which does not develop into the fetus.
At Sunfert, strict quality control measures and laboratory protocols are followed by all clinical team members, including embryologists and genetic scientists, to ensure the highest standards of embryo safety.
How long does it take to get PGT-A results?
PGT-A results are typically available within 2 to 3 weeks after the embryo biopsy.
This timeframe allows for detailed genetic analysis and accurate reporting to guide the next step in the IVF treatment plan.
Can PGT-A guarantee a successful pregnancy?
No, PGT-A does not guarantee pregnancy. While it improves the selection of chromosomally normal embryos and increases the implantation rate, other factors such as uterine health, embryo quality, and overall medical conditions also influence the overall IVF success rates.
Does PGT-A detect all genetic diseases?
No. PGT-A specifically screens for chromosomal abnormalities (aneuploidies) and does not detect single-gene disorders.
For inherited genetic disorder, required a different test called PGT-M (Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic disorders).
What is a mosaic embryo and can it be used?
A mosaic embryo contains a mix of normal and abnormal cells. In some cases, mosaic embryos may still result in a healthy pregnancy.
However, transfer decisions require careful evaluation, counselling, and risk assessment by our fertility specialist and genetic scientists.
Does PGT-A improve IVF success rates?
PGT-A can improve IVF success rates by selecting embryos with the highest implantation potential. Benefits may include:
- improved implantation rates
- reduced miscarriage risk
- fewer transfer cycles needed
However, outcomes vary depending on individual patient factors.
Is PGT-A necessary for every IVF cycle?
No, PGT-A is not required for every patient. Its use depends on factors such as age, medical history, previous IVF outcomes, and personal preferences.
A fertility specialist will advise whether PGT-A is appropriate based on individual circumstances.
If you are considering PGT-A to reduce the risk of chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down's Syndrome, you may discuss this option with your fertility specialist to receive personalised advice.
What are the advantages of combining IVF with PGT-A?
Combining IVF with PGT-A offers several advantages:
- more precise embryo selection
- reduced risk of chromosomal abnormalities
- improved confidence during transfer decisions
- potentially shorter time to achieving pregnancy
This approach supports a more personalised and evidence-based fertility journey.
What is PGT-M in IVF?
Pre-implantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorder (PGT-M) is an advanced genetic test performed during IVF to detect specific inherited genetic disorders caused by mutations in a single gene.
It allows our fertility specialists to identify embryos that are unaffected before transfer, helping reduce the risk of passing genetic diseases to the baby.
What is karyomapping and why is it used in PGT-M?
Karyomapping is a sophisticated genetic testing technique that tracks the inheritance of DNA segments from both parents.
It helps identify whether an embryo has inherited a specific gene mutation.
This method improves the accuracy of detecting monogenic disorders and supports safer embryo selection.
What genetic disorders can PGT-M detect?
PGT-M can screen for many inherited single-gene disorders, including:
- Thalassaemia (common in Malaysia and Asia)
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Huntington’s disease
- Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
- Certain metabolic and neurological genetic conditions
Who should consider PGT-M?
PGT-M is recommended for individuals or couples with known genetic risks, including:
- carriers of inherited genetic disorders
- individuals affected by genetic conditions
- family history of inherited diseases
- previous child or pregnancy affected by genetic disorders
- couples planning IVF who want to reduce hereditary risk
Is PGT-M necessary for all IVF patients?
No. PGT-M is not required for every IVF patient. It is mainly advised for couples with a known risk of passing on specific genetic disorders. Our fertility specialist will recommend PGT-M based on medical history, genetic screening results, and individual circumstances.
If you are unsure whether you or your partner are carriers of certain genetic conditions, you may consider undergoing an Expanded Carrier Screening (ECS) blood test for further assessment.
What is Expanded Carrier Screening (ECS)?
Expanded Carrier Screening (ECS) is a blood test that checks whether an individual carries genes linked to inherited genetic disorders.
It is often the first step before PGT-M, helping identify risks even if there are no symptoms.
Can PGT-M prevent genetic diseases completely?
PGT-M significantly reduces the risk of passing specific inherited genetic disorders by selecting unaffected embryos.
However, it does not guarantee a completely disease-free baby, as it targets only specific known gene mutations.
Is embryo biopsy safe during PGT-M?
Embryo biopsy is a highly specialised procedure performed at the blastocyst stage.
At Sunfert, this procedure are conducted by highly experienced and well-trained embryologists and genetic scientists using established protocols, hence we can assure our patients it is safe and would not affect the embryo development.
Can PGT-M help reduce miscarriage risk?
Yes, in some cases. By selecting embryos that are free from specific genetic disorders, PGT-M may lower the risk of miscarriage associated with inherited conditions, supporting a healthier pregnancy outcome.
How long does the PGT-M process take?
The timeline varies depending on the complexity of the genetic condition. Typically:
- Genetic preparation and probe development may take several weeks
- IVF cycle and embryo testing follow afterwards
Your fertility specialist will provide a personalised timeline based on your case.
What should I do if I have a family history of genetic disorders?
If you have a family history of inherited disease, it is advisable to:
- have a consultation with our fertility specialist
- consider Expanded Carrier Screening (ECS)
- consider having IVF treatment with PGT-M if a risk is identified
Early assessment helps you make informed reproductive decisions.
Does PGT-M improve IVF success rates?
PGT-M does not directly increase implantation rates, but it improves the likelihood of transferring embryos that are free from specific genetic disorders.
This contributes to better pregnancy outcomes and reduces the risk of inherited disease.
When should I speak to a fertility specialist about PGT-M?
You should consult a fertility specialist if you:
- know you or your partner carries a genetic condition
- have a family history of inherited disorders
- have experienced previous genetic-related pregnancy loss
- wish to explore safer IVF options
At Sunfert, our fertility specialists can help determine whether PGT-M is suitable for your situation. Transparency and honesty are core to our values.
We ensure that any additional procedures are recommended only when there is clear clinical benefit, so patients do not undergo or incur costs for treatments that are not necessary for their fertility journey.
What is Laser-Assisted Hatching in IVF?
Laser-Assisted Hatching (LAH) is an advanced IVF laboratory technique that helps an embryo break through its outer shell, known as the zona pellucida, before implantation.
A precise medical laser is used to create a small opening, which may support the embryo in successfully attaching to the uterine lining.
Why do embryos need help hatching?
For implantation to occur, an embryo must naturally “hatch” from its zona pellucida. In some cases, this outer layer may be thicker or harder, especially in older patients or frozen embryos.
Assisted hatching can help overcome this barrier and support implantation.
Does Laser-Assisted Hatching improve IVF success rates?
Laser-Assisted Hatching may improve implantation rates in specific groups of patients, particularly those with repeated IVF failure or poor embryo hatching potential. However, results vary, and it is not universally beneficial for all patients undergoing IVF.
Is Laser-Assisted Hatching necessary for every IVF cycle?
No. Laser-Assisted Hatching is not required for all IVF patients.
It is only recommended when there is clinical evidence suggesting that the embryo may have difficulty hatching on its own.
Is Laser-Assisted Hatching safe for embryos?
Yes, Laser-Assisted Hatching is considered a safe and well-established assisted reproductive technology.
At Sunfert, it is performed by well-trained embryologists using advanced IVF laboratory technology, ensuring high precision while minimising risk to the embryo.
Is Laser-Assisted Hatching performed before embryo transfer?
Yes. The procedure is done in our IVF laboratory shortly before the embryo transfer to ensure the embryo is ready for implantation.
Does Laser-Assisted Hatching guarantee pregnancy?
No. While Laser-Assisted Hatching may support implantation in selected cases, no IVF technique can guarantee pregnancy. Success depends on multiple factors, including embryo quality, uterine health, and patient age.
Is Laser-Assisted Hatching included in IVF treatment costs?
At Sunfert, Laser-Assisted Hatching is included as part of IVF treatment when clinically indicated. Patients are not charged any additional fees for this service.
Is Laser-Assisted Hatching used in frozen embryo transfer (FET)?
Yes, it is commonly considered in frozen embryo transfer cycles, as freezing and thawing may affect the zona pellucida, making hatching more difficult for some embryos.
How do our embrylogists at Sunfert decide if LAH is needed?
The decision is based on multiple clinical factors, including:
- patient’s age and medical history
- previous IVF outcomes
- embryo quality and development
- zona pellucida thickness
At Sunfert, embryologists and fertility specialists work together to recommend LAH only when there is clear potential benefit.
What is sperm DNA fragmentation testing?
Sperm DNA fragmentation testing is a specialised assessment that measures the level of DNA damage in sperm.
Healthy sperm DNA is essential for fertilisation, embryo development, and successful pregnancy.
High fragmentation levels may reduce fertility potential and affect IVF outcomes.
Who should consider sperm DNA fragmentation testing?
Sperm DNA fragmentation testing is often recommended by our fertility specialists and embryology team for men with:
- unexplained infertility
- repeated IVF or IUI failures
- recurrent miscarriages
- lifestyle risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, stress
- advanced paternal age
It helps identify hidden causes of male infertility.
Does sperm DNA fragmentation affect IVF success?
Yes. High sperm DNA fragmentation may reduce:
- fertilisation rates
- embryo quality
- implantation success.
Identifying DNA damage allows fertility specialists to personalise treatment strategies and improve IVF outcomes.
What do sperm DNA fragmentation test results indicate?
Sperm DNA fragmentation test results show the percentage of sperm with damaged DNA.
A higher percentage indicates greater DNA fragmentation, which may be associated with reduced fertility potential.
Results are interpreted by fertility specialists to guide treatment decisions and improve chances of conception.
Can sperm DNA fragmentation be improved?
Yes. Sperm DNA quality may improve through lifestyle changes such as:
- quitting smoking
- reducing alcohol intake
- managing stress
- regular exercise
- taking antioxidant supplements.
In some cases, medical or assisted reproductive treatments may also be recommended based on individual results.
What is SpermMobil and how does it help with fertility treatment?
SpermMobil is a specialised laboratory medium used to activate immotile or non-moving sperm.
It works by stimulating the energy mechanisms within viable sperm cells, allowing them to regain motility.
This helps our embryologists identify healthy sperm more accurately for use in IVF or ICSI, ultimately supporting improved fertilisation outcomes and embryo development.
Who is suitable for SpermMobil treatment?
SpermMobil is typically recommended for men with:
- severely reduced or zero sperm motility
- surgically retrieved sperm (such as TESE or MESA samples)
- previous IVF cycles with low fertilisation rates
- concerns such as high sperm DNA fragmentation
- age-related decline in sperm quality
A fertility specialist will assess suitability based on individual semen analysis and clinical history
How does SpermMobil improve sperm motility in the laboratory?
In Sunfert IVF laboratory, SpermMobil is applied directly to the semen sample to stimulate energy release within viable sperm cells.
This process can temporarily activate movement in otherwise immotile sperm, allowing our embryologists to distinguish living sperm from non-viable ones and select the most suitable sperm for fertilisation via IVF.
Is SpermMobil safe for sperm used in IVF or ICSI?
Yes, SpermMobil is safe as it is used strictly under controlled laboratory conditions. It does not damage sperm cells.
Instead, it helps identify and activate viable sperm within a sample, improving the selection process for fertilisation.
This supports better embryo quality and increases the likelihood of successful implantation during IVF or ICSI treatment.
What is endometrial analysis (ERA, EMMA, ALICE) and why is it important in IVF treatment?
Endometrial analysis refers to a group of advanced diagnostic tests that evaluate the uterine lining (endometrium) to optimise embryo implantation.
These include ERA (receptivity), EMMA (microbiome balance), and ALICE (infection detection).
Together, they help identify hidden factors such as timing mismatch, bacterial imbalance, or inflammation that may affect IVF success.
This allows fertility specialists to personalise treatment and improve implantation outcomes.
Who should consider endometrial analysis during fertility treatment?
Endometrial analysis is typically recommended for individuals who have experienced:
- repeated IVF implantation failure despite good-quality embryos
- recurrent miscarriage
- unexplained infertility
It is also considered when clinicians suspect issues such as an altered implantation window, uterine microbiome imbalance, or chronic endometrial inflammation.
A fertility specialist will assess whether these tests are appropriate based on your medical history.
How does ERA (Endometrial Receptivity Analysis) improve embryo implantation success?
ERA (Endometrial Receptivity Analysis) identifies the personalised “window of implantation”, which is the optimal time when the uterus is most receptive to an embryo. In some patients, this window may be shifted earlier or later than expected.
By analysing gene expression in the endometrial tissue, ERA helps determine the best timing for embryo transfer.
This allows our fertility specialists to schedule transfer more precisely, potentially improving implantation rates in IVF cycles.
What is EMMA and how does it affect uterine health and fertility?
EMMA (Endometrial Microbiome Metagenomic Analysis) evaluates the balance of bacteria within the uterine lining, particularly the presence of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus.
A healthy microbiome supports embryo implantation and pregnancy development. If an imbalance is detected, targeted treatments such as probiotics or antibiotics may be recommended to restore uterine health and improve reproductive outcomes.
What does ALICE test for and how does it support pregnancy success?
ALICE (Analysis of Infectious Chronic Endometritis) detects harmful bacteria associated with chronic endometritis, a condition involving persistent inflammation of the uterine lining.
This condition may reduce implantation success and increase miscarriage risk, often without noticeable symptoms.
By identifying the specific bacteria involved, ALICE enables targeted antibiotic treatment, helping to reduce inflammation and improve the chances of successful embryo implantation.
What is Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and how does it support fertility treatment?
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is a regenerative therapy that uses a concentrated portion of a patient’s own blood, rich in platelets and growth factors. In fertility care, PRP is used to support ovarian and endometrial function by promoting tissue repair, improving blood flow, and encouraging cellular regeneration. This may help enhance reproductive health and optimise conditions for conception.
How does PRP for ovarian rejuvenation work and who may benefit from it?
PRP for ovarian rejuvenation involves injecting platelet-rich plasma into the ovaries.
The growth factors help stimulate dormant follicles, support hormonal activity, and may improve egg quality.
It is generally considered for women with diminished ovarian reserve, early decline in ovarian function, or those seeking to improve fertility outcomes before IVF treatment.
What is endometrial rejuvenation using PRP and how does it improve implantation?
Endometrial rejuvenation using PRP involves injecting platelet-rich plasma into the uterine lining to improve thickness and blood circulation.
This helps create a more receptive environment for embryo implantation. It is particularly beneficial for patients with a thin endometrium, recurrent implantation failure, or those preparing for IVF who require improved uterine receptivity.
Is Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) treatment safe for fertility enhancement?
Yes, PRP is safe as it is prepared using the patient’s own blood, which minimises the risk of allergic reactions or immune complications.
The procedure is minimally invasive and performed under clinical supervision.
What is EmbryoGlue and how does it help during IVF treatment?
EmbryoGlue is a specialised embryo transfer medium used in IVF to support implantation.
It contains a high concentration of hyaluronan, a naturally occurring substance in the female reproductive tract that helps embryos adhere to the uterine lining.
During treatment, the embryo is placed in EmbryoGlue before transfer, creating a supportive environment that may improve implantation success rates.
How does EmbryoGlue improve embryo implantation?
EmbryoGlue enhances implantation by increasing the interaction between the embryo and the uterine lining.
The hyaluronan-rich medium helps the embryo “stick” more effectively to the endometrium, improving adhesion during the early stages of implantation.
This creates a more natural and receptive environment that supports successful pregnancy outcomes in IVF cycles.
Is EmbryoGlue safe to use in IVF treatment?
Yes, EmbryoGlue is safe and widely used in IVF laboratories. It contains hyaluronan that is laboratory-produced to replicate the natural substance found in the human body.
It is manufactured under strict medical-grade conditions and does not harm embryo development. At Sunfert, it is routinely used as part of our embryo transfer procedures.
Does EmbryoGlue improve IVF success rates?
Clinical studies, including findings reported in systematic reviews such as the Cochrane Review, suggest that EmbryoGlue may improve implantation and live birth rates.
For example, research has shown an increase in live birth rates from approximately 33.3% to 40.2% when EmbryoGlue is used during embryo transfer. While outcomes vary by individual, it is considered a supportive adjunct in improving implantation conditions.
Is EmbryoGlue required for every IVF cycle?
EmbryoGlue is not medically required for every IVF cycle, but it is often used as an optional aid during embryo transfer.
Many fertility centres offer it selectively with additional charges, while at Sunfert it is included as part of standard care at no additional cost when there is clinical evidence that it may benefit the patient.